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2
IBM Informix OnLine Database Server Administrator’s Guide
1
2
...
11
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15
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19
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...
701
702
IBM Informix OnLine
1
Database Server
1
Table of Contents
3
Chapter 2 System Architecture
5
Chapter 3 Operating OnLine
7
Chapter 6 DB-Monitor Screens
12
Chapter 7 Utilities
12
Chapter 8 OnLine Message Log
14
Chapter 9 Product Environment
14
Appendix A Notices
14
Introduction
15
In This Introduction
17
About This Manual
17
Organization of This Manual
18
Demonstration Database
19
Documentation Conventions
22
Icon Conventions
23
Command-Line Conventions
23
Sample Code Conventions
26
Additional Documentation
28
Error Message Files
29
Related Reading
33
IBM Welcomes Your Comments
34
Installation and Initial
35
Configuration
35
Define Your Starting Point
40
Create a Level-0 Archive
42
Initialize Shared Memory
42
Create a New Level-0 Archive
43
OnLine Configuration Files
45
Contents of tbconfig.std
47
# System Page Size
54
ROOTNAME
55
ROOTPATH
56
ROOTOFFSET
56
ROOTSIZE
57
MIRRORPATH
58
MIRROROFFSET
59
PHYSFILE
59
PHYSDBS is 1,000 KB
60
LOGFILES
61
Message File Guidelines
62
TAPESIZE
63
LTAPEDEV
64
LTAPEBLK
64
LTAPESIZE
65
DBSERVERNAME
66
RESIDENT
66
TRANSACTIONS
67
TBLSPACES
68
DBSPACES
69
PHYSBUFF
69
CLEANERS
70
CKPTINTVL
71
DYNSHMSZ
73
GTRID_CMP_SZ
73
DEADLOCK_TIMEOUT
73
TXTIMEOUT
73
OnLine Disk Space Allocation
74
How to Allocate Disk Space
81
Configuration Checklist
84
Set configuration parameters
85
ESC to record the
86
Initialize OnLine
88
TBCONFIG
89
Shutdown
92
Errors During Initialization
93
OnLine Error Message Format
94
UNIX Error Message Format
94
System Architecture
95
System Architecture 2-3
97
System Architecture 2-5
99
In This Chapter
101
Initialization
101
Initialization Commands
102
Shared Memory Commands
103
Disk Space Commands
104
Step 2: Create Shared Memory
106
Step 5: Wake Parent Process
107
■ tbinit -i
108
■ tbinit -i -s
108
Step 5: Initialize Disk Space
110
System Architecture 2-17
111
Step 9: Set Forced Residency
112
SHMBASE
114
UNIX system might set a
114
OnLine User Processes
116
Step 1: Obtain SERVERNUM
118
(SERVERNUM * 65536) + shmkey
119
OnLine Daemon Processes
127
System Architecture 2-35
129
LRU queue
129
Buffer Share Lock
132
Buffer Update Lock
132
Buffer Exclusive Lock
133
■ Buffer locks
134
■ Latches
134
■ Timestamps
134
■ Hash tables
134
Shared-Memory Latches
135
Test-and-Set Institutions
136
Spin and Test Again
136
Semaphores
137
Forced Abort
137
OnLine Timestamps
138
System Architecture 2-45
139
Shared-Memory Header
141
Shared-Memory Internal Tables
142
OnLine Chunk Table
143
OnLine Dbspace Table
144
OnLine Latch Table
145
OnLine Lock Table
145
OnLine Page-Cleaner Table
146
OnLine Tblspace Table
146
OnLine Transaction Table
148
OnLine User Table
148
Shared-Memory Buffer Pool
149
Regular Buffers
150
Big Buffers
150
OnLine LRU Queues
151
LRU_MAX_DIRTY
153
LRU_MIN_DIRTY
153
Step 1: Identify the Data
155
Physical Log Buffer
157
Double Buffering
158
Causes of Flushing
158
Flushing a Full Buffer
159
Logical Log Buffer
160
Buffer Contents
162
OnLine Checkpoints
164
Fast Recovery
165
Archive Checkpoints
165
U-L) and frees
166
System Architecture 2-73
167
MLRU queues reaches
168
System Architecture 2-75
169
LRU write
169
Sorted Write
170
Idle Write
170
Foreground Write
171
LRU Write
171
Chunk Write
171
Writing Data to a Blobspace
172
Disk Data Structures
175
I/O is done in units of
176
BUFFSIZE in the configuration
176
Blobpage
178
Dbspace and Blobspace
178
Database
179
Tblspace
179
Physical Log
180
Logical Log
180
Structure of the Root Dbspace
181
■ Unused pages
183
Structure of a Blobspace
185
OnLine Limits for Chunks
187
Reserved Pages
189
PAGE_CKPT
191
PAGE_PZERO
191
PAGE_CONFIG
191
PAGE_DBSP
193
PAGE_PCHUNK
194
PAGE_MCHUNK
195
PAGE_ARCH
196
Chunk Free-List Page
197
Tblspace Number
199
Database Tblspace
201
SQL statement
202
DATABASE
202
Allocate Disc Space
203
Track Systems Catalogs
203
OnLine Limits for Databases
204
Placement
207
Tracking
207
Structure of an Extent
208
Page Types
209
Next Extent Allocation
211
Structure of a Dbspace Page
214
Page Header
215
Timestamp
215
Slot Table
215
Data Row Format and Rowid
217
System Architecture 2-125
219
Single-Page Storage
220
Multipage Storage
221
Storage of Modified Rows
223
System Architecture 2-131
225
Structure of an Index Page
227
The Root Node Page
228
Leaf Node Pages
230
Index Key Entries
232
Branch Node Pages
235
2-Bit Bit-Mapped Pages
237
4-Bit Bit-Mapped Pages
238
Blobspace Page Types
242
Logical Log Files
248
File Rotation
249
File Contents
250
Number and Size
250
Blobspace Logging
252
Long Transactions
253
Operating OnLine
257
Operating OnLine 3-3
259
Changing Modes
262
Operating OnLine 3-7
263
DB-Monitor
263
From Offline to Quiescent
264
From Offline to Online
264
From Quiescent to Online
265
From DB-Monitor
266
From the Command Line
266
Logical Log Administration
269
Your Configuration File
270
Logical Log File Backups
270
Freeing the Logical Log Files
271
Configuration Parameters
272
LTAPEBLK and LTAPESIZE
273
Location of Logical Log Files
274
Preliminary Consideration
275
Logical Log File Status
282
Logical Log File ID Numbers
283
Add a Logical Log File
284
Drop a Logical Log File
286
■ End logging for a database
289
Adding Logging to a Database
290
Back Up a Logical Log File
292
Free a Logical Log File
295
DB-Monitor Force
298
Archive Administration
299
Archive Types
300
Level-0 Archive
300
Level-1 Archive
301
Level-2 Archive
301
Incremental Archive Strategy
301
Plan the Archive Schedule
303
Minimize Restore Time
304
Minimize Archive Time
305
Online Archives
305
Single Tape Drive
305
Operator Availability
306
The Archives
307
TAPEBLK and TAPESIZE
308
Preliminary Considerations
309
Create an Archive, Any Type
313
Two Tape Drives
315
One Tape Drive
316
Monitor OnLine Activity
317
Monitor Archive History
318
Monitor Blobs in a Blobspace
319
Monitor Blobs in a Dbspace
321
Monitor Buffers
322
Monitor Buffer-Pool Activity
324
Monitor Checkpoints
325
Monitor Chunks
326
Monitor Databases
330
Monitor Dbspaces
331
Monitor Disk Pages
333
Monitor Extents
334
Monitor Index Information
335
Monitor Logging Activity
336
Monitor the Message Log
338
Monitor OnLine Profile
339
Monitor Tblspaces
341
Modify OnLine Configuration
343
Create a Blobspace
344
Drop a Blobspace
347
Add a Chunk
350
Create a Dbspace
353
Drop a Dbspace
355
Enforce/Turn Off Residency
356
Enable Mirroring
360
Start Mirroring
361
End Mirroring
362
Things to Avoid
372
Data Consistency, Recovery
373
Consistency Checking
378
Using the tbcheck Commands
379
Using the OnLine Message Log
380
ISAM error is returned:
381
DUMPCORE
383
DUMPSHMEM
383
Recovering from Corruption
384
Mirroring
386
Beginning
387
Processing
388
Recovery
389
OnLine Logging Overview
390
Dbspace Logging
391
Operations Logging
396
Operations Rollback
396
Blob Restoration
397
Ready LTAPEDEV
399
Locate the Next Logical Log
399
Copy Blobpages
399
Place Log Header on Tape
400
Write Log Records to Tape
401
Write Trailer Page
402
Mount a Tape on TAPEDEV
403
Verify the Archive Level
404
Force a Checkpoint
404
Purpose of Data Snapshot
405
Archive Disk Pages
406
Write Tape Header Page
407
Archive Reserved Pages
408
Determine Archive Criteria
409
Write a Trailer Page
410
Update the Reserved Pages
410
Fast Recovery and Logging
412
Step 1: Checkpoint Condition
413
Verify OnLine Configuration
420
Mount Level-0 Archive Tape
421
Verify Current Configuration
422
Prompt for Logical Log Backup
422
Roll Forward Logical Logs
423
Database and Table Migration
424
UNLOAD/dbschema/LOAD
426
UNLOAD/dbschema/dbload
426
■ UNLOAD /dbschema /LOAD
432
■ UNLOAD /dbschema /dbload
432
Move Files
433
Using dbexport and dbimport
434
Using tbunload and tbload
435
How to Improve Performance
441
Disk Layout
444
Blobpage Average Fullness
447
Apply Effective Criteria
448
When Is Tuning Needed?
450
Bufsize Pages/IO Fields
451
Shared-Memory Buffers
453
Shared-Memory Resources
454
Log Buffer Size
455
How Is Tuning Done?
456
Page-Cleaner Parameters
457
Efficient Page Cleaning
458
Checkpoint Frequency
460
How Psort Works
462
Tuning Psort
463
Psort and Shared Memory
464
DB-Monitor Screens
467
Main Menu
470
Status Menu
471
Parameters Menu
472
Dbspaces Menu
473
Mode Menu
474
Force-Ckpt Option
475
Archive Menu
476
Logical-Logs Menu
477
Utilities
479
Utilities 7-3
481
■ Lock mode
484
Destination Options
485
Contents of the Schema File
487
■ Invalid command parameters
489
Input File Location Options
490
Create Options
492
Utilities 7-15
493
ASCII files into one or
493
LOAD statement:
493
ASCII input files
493
IBM Informix
494
Utilities 7-17
495
Command-File Syntax Check
496
Starting Line Number
496
Batch Size
497
Bad-Row Limits
498
How to Create a Command File
499
Delimiter Form FILE Statement
500
■ Save the output to a file
510
Include Synonyms
511
Include Privileges
512
Option Descriptions
517
-cd and -cD Options
518
-ce Option
518
-ci and -cI Options
518
-cr Option
519
-n Option
519
-pB Option
520
-pc Option
520
-pd and -pD Options
520
-pe Option
521
-pp and -pP options
521
-pr Option
522
-pt and -pT Options
522
-q Option
523
-y Option
523
No Options
524
-i Option
524
-p Option
525
-s Option
525
DBA privilege for the
526
Specify Tape Parameters
527
Utilities 7-51
529
Log-Record Read Filters
530
-d Option
531
Log-Record Display Filters
532
Interpreting tblog Output
533
Record Types
534
Record Contents
535
Utilities 7-65
543
Change OnLine Mode
544
Switch the Logical Log File
546
Kill an OnLine Server Process
547
Kill an OnLine Transaction
547
Utilities 7-73
551
Create a Blobspace or Dbspace
552
Drop a Blobspace or Dbspace
553
Change Chunk Status
555
Utilities 7-81
559
-B Option
562
-c Option
562
-D Option
564
-F Option
565
-k Option
566
-l Option
567
-m Option
569
-o Option
569
-P Option
573
-r Option
573
-R option
573
-t Option
576
-u Option
577
-X Option
579
-z Option
580
Utilities 7-103
581
Request a Logical Log Backup
582
Start Continuous Backups
582
Create an Archive
583
Perform a Data Restore
583
Utilities 7-107
585
DB-Monitor Logical-Logs
585
OnLine Message Log
589
Alphabetized Messages
593
Product Environment
621
The OnLine Environment
623
OnLine Features
624
High Performance
624
Multimedia Support
625
Distributed Data Queries
626
Bad-Sector Mapping
626
What Is Multiple Residency?
627
How Multiple Residency Works
630
SERVERNUM
633
DBSERVER-NAME
633
Step 5: Initialize New OnLine
634
DATABASE stores5@italy
636
BEGIN WORK
636
COMMIT WORK
636
Product Environment 9-19
639
Protocol Components
640
Example Transaction Commit
641
Example Transaction Rollback
642
Coordinator Recovery
643
SQLEXEC to
644
Participant Recovery
646
Product Environment 9-27
647
TXTIMEOUT. When
647
Presumed-Abort Optimization
649
Product Environment 9-31
651
Product Environment 9-33
653
Figure 9-8
653
Product Environment 9-35
655
Figure 9-9
655
Heuristic Rollback
656
Heuristic End-Transaction
660
Product Environment 9-43
663
IBM Informix STAR
664
TABLOCKS
665
ENDTRANS
665
Transaction Commit Records
666
Heuristic Rollback Records
668
Product Environment 9-53
673
HEURTX recordassociated with
674
Example Manual Recovery
675
DEADLOCK TIMEOUT
677
TXTIME-OUT
678
Tracking a Global Transaction
679
Transaction address Field
679
Transaction flag Field
680
Transaction user Field
681
Transaction locks Field
681
Transaction log begin
681
Transaction isolation Field
682
Transaction retries Field
682
Transaction coordinator Field
682
Appendix
683
Notices A-3
685
COPYRIGHT LICENSE:
685
Trademarks
686
Index 11
697
Index 13
699
Index 15
701
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